DARVO
DARVO is an acronym that describes a common reaction pattern used by individuals—often abusers or perpetrators—when confronted with their harmful behavior. It stands for:
Deny
Attack
Reverse
Victim and Offender

Here’s how it works:
Deny: The person denies the behavior occurred or refuses to take responsibility.
Attack: They then attack the person who confronted them—questioning their credibility, motives, or behavior.
Reverse Victim and Offender: Finally, they claim they are the true victim, flipping the narrative so the accuser seems like the wrongdoer.
DARVO is a manipulative defense mechanism and is often used to evade accountability while discrediting the victim.
Here are real-world examples of DARVO in different contexts, where someone denies wrongdoing, attacks the accuser, and reverses the victim and offender roles:
🔹 1. Domestic Abuse Situation
Context: A woman confronts her partner about physical or emotional abuse.
Deny: “I never hit you. You’re making things up.”
Attack: “You’re always trying to make me look bad. You’re the crazy one.”
Reverse: “You’re abusing me by constantly accusing me. I can’t live like this!”
Impact: The victim may begin to question their reality and feel guilty for speaking up.
🔹 2. Workplace Harassment
Context: An employee reports their manager for inappropriate comments.
Deny: “That’s not what I said. You misunderstood.”
Attack: “You’re too sensitive. You can’t handle a joke?”
Reverse: “You’re smearing my reputation. This is workplace harassment against me now.”
Impact: The employee may be silenced or face retaliation for reporting.
🔹 3. Public Figures or Celebrities
Context: A public figure is accused of misconduct (e.g., sexual harassment or racism).
Deny: “Those allegations are false and unfounded.”
Attack: “This is a political witch hunt. The media is corrupt.”
Reverse: “I’m being targeted and canceled. I’m the victim here.”
Impact: Shifts focus away from the actual harm and rallies public sympathy for the wrongdoer.
🔹 4. Parent-Child Relationship (Emotional Abuse)
Context: An adult child brings up a history of emotional neglect or manipulation.
Deny: “I was a great parent. You had everything.”
Attack: “You’re ungrateful and spoiled. I sacrificed everything for you.”
Reverse: “You’re hurting me now. How could you say such things to your mother?”
Impact: The child may feel shame or guilt for asserting their truth.
Websites and Articles:
- What is DARVO? Jennifer J. Freyd, PhD
- Explaining DARVO: Deny, Attack, Reverse Victim & Offender – How abusers might use these strategies to blame the survivor By Amanda Kippert
- Center for Institutional Courage – “The Center for Institutional Courage™ – Courage – is a non-profit, 501(c)(3) institution dedicated to transformative research and education about institutional betrayal and how to counter it through institutional courage.”
Podcast Episodes:
- DARVO, Differentiation, and Detangling Difficult Dynamics, S1, E113, Waking up to Narcissism Podcast, 31 May 2024.
- Defending Against DARVO & Narcissists: 8 Tactics to Protect Yourself in Divorce & Family Court, Ep 167, The Divorce Course Podcast, 9 March 2024.
- D.A.R.V.O. and the Dangling Carrot, Deconstructing Gaslighting Podcast, 25 January 2022.
- Unpacking DARVO: Deny, Attack, Reverse Victim and Offender, EP #5 with Jennifer Freyd by Bob Stenhouse, Disabuse Podcast, 10 February 2025.
- Deconstructing Rape, Episode 5: Interview with Jennifer Freyd by Sally J. Kenney, Deconstructing Rape Podcast, 16 July 2024.
- The Adults in the Room [Freyd interview featured in Episode 7: Institutional Betrayal and Episode 10: What Happens Next.] by Nastya Krasilnikova, Libo/Libo, 15 May 2024.
- Giving Universities, and People, the Courage to Address Sexual Harassment and Violence: Interview with Jennifer Freyd, Speaking Out of Place, Host David Palumbo-Liu, 13 January 2023.
- Jennifer Joy Freyd on Retaliation with Julie Roginsky, Apple Podcasts, 15 December 2022
- Jennifer Freyd Kevin Webb Institutional Trauma Betrayal and Courage by Resa Lewis, Podcast: The Visible Voices, 10 February 2022.
- Trauma, Betrayal & Courage: Moving from Silence to Strength by Kathy Andersen, Overcoming Child Sexual Abuse, 10 June 2021.
- Betrayal, betrayal trauma, & DARVO: Promoting individual & collective healing by Melissa Ming Foynes, Podcast: The Science & Soul of Living Well, 7 May 2021.
- Jennifer Freyd – Personal and Institutional Courage, Host Kate Clancy, Courageous Scientists, Podcast, 5 June 2020.
- Title IX (Podcast Episode 3) by Jill Chirstman, Indelible: Campus Sexual Violence, 31 March 2020.
- DARVO and Institutional Courage, Guest Jennifer Freyd, Host Kelly Leonard, The Second City Works Getting to Yes, And. . . Podcast, Episode 209, 3 March 2020.
- Paige’s Perspective: You’re Not Overreacting: The Truth About DARVO, Till The Wheels Fall Off Podcast, 25 April 2025.
- DARVO & Love Bombing with Dr. Tanya Holthus, Drinking with Gin Podcast, 29 November 2023.